You'll have to see what your doctor does with this to update your stroke balance protocol.
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnins.2014.00403/full?
Anirban Dutta1,2*,
Uttama Lahiri3,
Abhijit Das4,
Michael A. Nitsche5 and
David Guiraud1,2
- 1DEMAR (INRIA Sophia Antipolis), INRIA,
CNRS: UMR5506, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques,
Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
- 2Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et
de Microélectronique de Montpellier, CNRS: UMR5506, Université
Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques, Montpellier, France
- 3Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
- 4Department of Neurorehabilitation, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
- 5Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Göttingen University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
Stroke is caused when an artery carrying blood from heart to an area
in the brain bursts or a clot obstructs the blood flow thereby
preventing delivery of oxygen and nutrients. About half of the stroke
survivors are left with some degree of disability. Innovative
methodologies for restorative neurorehabilitation are urgently required
to reduce long-term disability. The ability of the nervous system to
respond to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure,
function, and connections is called neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity is
involved in post-stroke functional disturbances, but also in
rehabilitation. It has been shown that active cortical participation in a
closed-loop brain machine interface (BMI) can induce neuroplasticity in
cortical networks where the brain acts as a controller, e.g., during a
visuomotor task. Here, the motor task can be assisted with neuromuscular
electrical stimulation (NMES) where the BMI will act as a real-time
decoder. However, the cortical control and induction of neuroplasticity
in a closed-loop BMI is also dependent on the state of brain, e.g.,
visuospatial attention during visuomotor task performance. In fact,
spatial neglect is a hidden disability that is a common complication of
stroke and is associated with prolonged hospital stays, accidents,
falls, safety problems, and chronic functional disability. This
hypothesis and theory article presents a multi-level electrotherapy
paradigm toward motor rehabilitation in virtual reality that postulates
that while the brain acts as a controller in a closed-loop BMI to drive
NMES, the state of brain can be can be altered toward improvement of
visuomotor task performance with non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS).
This leads to a multi-level electrotherapy paradigm where a virtual
reality-based adaptive response technology is proposed for post-stroke
balance rehabilitation. In this article, we present a conceptual review
of the related experimental findings.
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