NOOTROPICS IN COMPLEX THERAPY OF CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

With 13 pages and 58 references in here this is too much for a stroke-addled non-medical person like myself to have any understanding of how to apply this to survivors. So either you are going to have to become a genius or you wait 200 years before this is translated into stroke protocols. Your choice. Your doctor has already had two years to figure this out and I bet has done absolutely nothing.

NOOTROPICS IN COMPLEX THERAPY OF CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA

No longer available, so you'll have to ask your doctor to find it. If your doctor is any good at all they will have it in their stroke references
If your doctors aren't salivating over having all these possibilities laid out for them to help survivors you have idiots for doctors. This should in any reasonable world trigger dozens of clinical trials. But it won't because SOMEONE ELSE WILL SOLVE THOSE FUCKING PROBLEMS.
But not in your lifetime.

CLASSIFICATION OF NOOTROPICS

In clinical practice, these drugs are classified

into two major groups: nootropics of direct ac-

tion (cognitive enhancers) and neuroprotective

agents [31, 32]:

I. Cognitive enhancers or «true» nootropics:

1. Pyrrolidone nootropics(racetams) with pre-

dominant metabolite action: Piracetam, Fenotro-

pil combined racetams (Thiocetam, Olatropil, and

Phezam).

2. Cholinergic agents: enhancers of synthesis and

release of acetylcholine (Phosphatidylserine, leci-

thin, Citicoline); cholinergic receptor agonists (Oxo-

tremorine, Bethanechol); and acetylcholi nes terase

inhibitors (Physostigmine, Galantha mine, etc.)

3. Neuropeptides and neurotrophic cerebroprotec-

tors: Semax, Cerebrolysin, Cortexin, Cerebrocu rin.

4. Modulators of glutamatergic system:

a) low-affinity NMDA receptor polyamine site antago-

nists and partial agonists of AMPA receptors: Me-

mantine, Ademol);

b) AMPA receptor agonists: Nooglutyl;

c) AMPA receptor partial agonists, as well as en-

hancers of noradrenaline and dopamine release:

(Ritalin, Donepezil);

d) NMDA receptor co-agonists: glycine;

e) NMDA mimetics: glutamic acid, D-cycloserine.

5. Dopamine receptor agonists: Pronoran;

6. GABA receptor agonists: Baclofen.

II. Neuroprotective agents:

1. Activators of brain metabolism: Mildronat,

Phosphatidylserine, xanthine derivatives of Pen-

toxifylline, etc.

2. Cerebral vasodilators: Vincamine, Vinpocet-

ine, Nicergoline, etc.

3. Calcium channel blockers: Nimodipine, Cin-

narizine, Flunarizine, etc.

4. Antioxidants: Mexidol, a-tocopheryl acetate,

Thiotriazoline, Emoxipin, Cytoflavin, Glutoxim.

5. Substances affecting the GABA system

: Ami-nalon (Gammalon), Pathogen, Picamilon, Fenib-

ut (Noofen), sodium hydroxybutyrate.

6. Different groups of substances: orotic acid,

Naftidrofuryl, ginseng, lemongrass, Ginkgo bi lo-

ba, and Siberian ginseng.

For the direct nootropics the effect on memory

is the main action, although they have other phar-

macological properties (anticonvulsant, antihy-

poxic, circulatory, antioxidant, etc.) as well. The

direct nootropics include substances with very

different structure, from the relatively simple ra-

cetams to the complex peptide formations. The

neuroprotective agents comprise brain metabo-

lism activators, cerebral vasodilators, calcium an-

tagonists, antioxidants, and substances affecting

GABA system.